See cataract on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataract bog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataracted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractic"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "katarak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cebuano: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cebuano: katarak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mh",
"2": "kōtrāāk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreh₂ǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "waterfall"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
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{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
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"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cataract",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "Old French cataracte",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "French cataracte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta",
"t": "floodgate; waterfall"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης",
"4": "καταρ(ρ)άκτης",
"5": "(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "onomatopoeic"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreh₂ǵʰ-",
"t": "to pound, strike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to pound, strike”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nThe noun is derived from cataracts (noun (plural only)), from Late Middle English cataract, cataracta, cateract, cateracte (“floodgate of heaven”), from Old French cataracte (modern French cataracte), and from its etymon Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”), from Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”), from καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (katar(rh)ā́ssō, “to pour down; to rush downwards”) + -της (-tēs, suffix forming nouns denoting a state of being). Καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (Katar(rh)ā́ssō) is derived either:\n* from κᾰτᾰ- (kătă-, prefix meaning ‘downwards’) + ἀρᾰ́σσω (arắssō, “to dash to pieces; to strike”) (further etymology unknown, possibly onomatopoeic) or ῥᾱ́σσω (rhā́ssō, “to dash; to strike”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to pound, strike”)); or\n* from καταρρηγνύναι (katarrhēgnúnai, “to break down”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cataracts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cataract (plural cataracts)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"hyphenation": [
"cat‧a‧ract"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 11 8 13 4 7 3 5 2 13 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Waterfalls",
"orig": "en:Waterfalls",
"parents": [
"Water",
"Liquids",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"text": "The cataracts on the Nile helped to compartment Upper Egypt.",
"type": "example"
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"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book V.] Of Asia.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 98:",
"text": "This Elephantis being an Iſland, is inhabited beneath the lovveſt cataract or fall of vvater three miles, and aboue Syene 16: […]",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, “The Sixt Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, page 88:",
"text": "[T]he Salmon ſeekes a freſher ſtreame to find / […] and ſtems the vvatry tract / VVhere Tivy falling dovvne, doth make a Cataract, / Forc't by the riſing Rocks that there her courſe oppoſe, […]",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1725, [Daniel Defoe], “Part II”, in A New Voyage Round the World, by a Course Never Sailed before. […], London: […] A[rthur] Bettesworth, […]; and W. Mears, […], →OCLC, page 190:",
"text": "[C]oming dovvn farther the ſame River, they heard a terrible Noiſe in the River, as of a mighty Cataract, or VVater-fall, vvhich increaſed as they came forvvard, till it grevv ſo loud, that they could not hear themſelves ſpeak, much leſs hear one another.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1798 July 13 (date written), William Wordsworth, “Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, […]”, in Poems […], volume II, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], published 1815, →OCLC, page 76:",
"text": "The sounding cataract / Haunted me like a passion: the tall rock, / The mountain, and the deep and gloomy wood, / Their colours and their forms, were then to me / An appetite: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-en:waterfall",
"links": [
[
"large",
"large#Adjective"
],
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall#Noun"
],
[
"flowing",
"flow#Verb"
],
[
"edge",
"edge#Noun"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:waterfall"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Katarakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katarráktis",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "katarrháktēs",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"word": "katarak"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"word": "cateratta"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracta"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "mh",
"lang": "Marshallese",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"word": "kōtrāāk"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "dum",
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataractă"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 13 2 15 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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"ref": "1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “A Description of Larr”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 54:",
"text": "[S]uch a violent ſtorme of raine vnburthened it ſelfe neere this place, and cauſed ſuch a ſudden Deluge and Cattaract, that a Carrauan of tvvo thouſand Camels periſht, and vvere caſt avvay by it.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1835, Alfred Tennyson, “Locksley Hall”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 92:",
"text": "Locksley Hall, that in the distance overlooks the sandy tracts, / And the hollow ocean-ridges roaring into cataracts.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1860, James Anthony Froude, “Queen Jane and Queen Mary”, in History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth, volume VI, London: John W[illiam] Parker, and Son, […], →OCLC, page 1:",
"text": "[T]here came a storm such as no living Englishman remembered. The summer evening grew black as night. Cataracts of water flooded the houses in the city and turned the streets into rivers; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flood of water; specifically, steep rapids in a river."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun--pD7amE9",
"links": [
[
"flood",
"flood#Noun"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"steep",
"steep#Adjective"
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[
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"rapid#Noun"
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[
"river",
"river"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A flood of water; specifically, steep rapids in a river."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
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"text": "His cataract of eloquence",
"type": "example"
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"ref": "1785, William Cowper, “Book IV. The Winter Evening.”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC, page 141:",
"text": "Cataracts of declamation thunder here, / There foreſts of no-meaning ſpread the page / In vvhich all comprehenſion vvanders loſt; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"ref": "1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Revival.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 156:",
"text": "The palace bang'd, and buzz'd and clackt, / And all the long-pent stream of life / Dash'd downward in a cataract.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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61,
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"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Loomings”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 3:",
"text": "Water—there is not a drop of water there! Were Niagara but a cataract of sand, would you travel your thousand miles to see it?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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43,
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"ref": "1858, Thomas Carlyle, “Of the Baireuth-Anspach Branch”, in History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book III, page 231:",
"text": "[T]he look of the man Casimir, between his cataract of black beard and this semi-nightcap, is carelessly truculent.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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18,
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"ref": "1858, Thomas Carlyle, “Friedrich Takes the Field again, Intent on Having Neisse”, in History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book IV, page 459:",
"text": "Never came such a cataract of evil news on an Aulic Council before.",
"type": "quote"
},
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"ref": "2022 May 19, James Verini, “Surviving the Siege of Kharkiv”, in The New York Times Magazine, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-12-20, section:",
"text": "As if on cue came a cataract of explosions. She turned on her heel and scurried back to the courtyard and down into the school's basement. The dirt floor, low ceiling and unfinished stone walls were barely illuminated by candles and a dim string of green decorative lights.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An overwhelming downpour or rush; a flood."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-FNP8zMGw",
"links": [
[
"overwhelming",
"overwhelming#Adjective"
],
[
"downpour",
"downpour#Noun"
],
[
"rush",
"rush#Noun"
],
[
"flood",
"flood#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) An overwhelming downpour or rush; a flood."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mechanics",
"orig": "en:Mechanics",
"parents": [
"Physics",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
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},
{
"_dis": "22 10 4 44 6 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 3 26 9 14 5 11 4 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 3 26 9 14 5 11 4 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 6 3 28 4 16 4 13 2 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 4 24 8 14 8 10 3 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 5 42 10 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marshallese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 1 68 2 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 3 26 4 15 5 13 3 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 3 27 7 16 4 12 3 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 3 26 9 14 5 11 4 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 3 24 6 15 6 11 4 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 3 27 9 15 5 11 4 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 5 42 10 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 6 3 28 4 16 4 13 2 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 3 27 7 15 4 11 5 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 3 26 9 15 6 11 4 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 3 27 6 15 4 11 4 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Shan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 6 2 28 3 17 5 12 2 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 3 27 6 16 4 13 3 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 3 27 6 16 4 11 4 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 3 27 6 15 4 11 4 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 3 26 9 14 5 10 5 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 1 43 4 15 2 10 3 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 3 27 6 16 4 11 4 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 3 27 6 15 4 11 4 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 3 26 9 14 5 11 4 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 3 25 4 15 5 13 3 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 3 29 5 17 3 12 4 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zulu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 1 15 2 9 28 27 1 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "en:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of governor used in single-acting steam engines, where a flow of water through an opening regulates the stroke."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-lQeUC8Ad",
"links": [
[
"mechanics",
"mechanics"
],
[
"type",
"type#Noun"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"single-acting",
"single-acting"
],
[
"steam engine",
"steam engine"
],
[
"flow",
"flow#Noun"
],
[
"opening",
"opening#Noun"
],
[
"regulate",
"regulate"
],
[
"stroke",
"stroke#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mechanics, chiefly historical) A type of governor used in single-acting steam engines, where a flow of water through an opening regulates the stroke."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"mechanical-engineering",
"mechanics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 4 1 87 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of governor used in single-acting steam engines, where a flow of water through an opening regulates the stroke",
"word": "nestejarru"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
201,
211
]
],
"ref": "1555, Peter Martyr of Angleria [i.e., Peter Martyr d’Anghiera], “The Seconde Vyage to Guinea”, in Rycharde Eden [i.e., Richard Eden], transl., The Decades of the Newe Worlde or West India, […], London: […] [Rycharde Jug for] Guilhelmi Powell, →OCLC, decade, folio 357, verso:",
"text": "They ſay furthermore that in certeyne places of the ſea, they ſawe certeyne ſtremes of water which they caule ſpoutes faulynge owt of the ayer into the ſea: […] Sum phantaſie that theſe ſhulde bee the cataractes of heauen whiche were all opened at Noes fludde.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
53,
62
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
63
]
],
"english": "Blow, wind, and crack your cheeks, rage, blow, / You cataracts and hurricanes, spout till you have drenched / The steeples, drowned the cocks, […]",
"ref": "c. 1603–1606 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] His True Chronicle Historie of the Life and Death of King Lear and His Three Daughters. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Nathaniel Butter, […], published 1608, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], signature [F4], recto:",
"text": "Blovv vvind & cracke your cheekes, rage, blovv / You caterickes, & Hircanios ſpout til you haue drencht, / The ſteeples drovvn'd the cockes, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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96,
104
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],
"ref": "1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “[The Hesperides]”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 7:",
"text": "[A] long ſpout of ſtinking raine Pyramide vviſe, diſſolued it ſelfe very neere vs. This hidious Cataract, as I conceiue is exhaled by the Suns povverfull Attract, and conuerted into an ill congeſted Cloud, vvanting height and heate, is forced into a violent eruption, vvhich diſſolued by the penetrating Sunne, eſſudes it ſelfe altogether (vvhence it had beginning) into the Ocean, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [D4], verso, lines 174–176:",
"text": "[W]hat if all / Her ſtores vvere op'n'd, and this Firmament / Of Hell, ſhould ſpout her Cataracts of Fire, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of waterspout (“a whirlwind that forms over water”)"
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-SSbuI~dE",
"links": [
[
"waterspout",
"waterspout#English"
],
[
"whirlwind",
"whirlwind#Noun"
],
[
"forms",
"form#Verb"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, also figurative) Synonym of waterspout (“a whirlwind that forms over water”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a whirlwind that forms over water",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "waterspout"
}
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəɹækt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəˌɹæk(t)/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potop",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "потоп"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proliven dǎžd",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "проливен дъжд"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngliú",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "洪流"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "stortvloed"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "kuohu"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "ryöppy"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "tulva"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"alt": "げきりゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gekiryū",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "激流"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lívenʹ",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "ли́вень m}}"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"code": "ru",
"english": "flood",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potóp",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пото́п"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 36 15 30 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "проливно́й дождь m {{qualifier|torrential rain",
"roman": "prolivnój doždʹ",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Iguazu Falls"
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreh₂ǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "waterfall"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cataract",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "Old French cataracte",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "French cataracte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta",
"t": "floodgate; waterfall"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης",
"4": "καταρ(ρ)άκτης",
"5": "(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "onomatopoeic"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreh₂ǵʰ-",
"t": "to pound, strike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to pound, strike”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nThe noun is derived from cataracts (noun (plural only)), from Late Middle English cataract, cataracta, cateract, cateracte (“floodgate of heaven”), from Old French cataracte (modern French cataracte), and from its etymon Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”), from Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”), from καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (katar(rh)ā́ssō, “to pour down; to rush downwards”) + -της (-tēs, suffix forming nouns denoting a state of being). Καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (Katar(rh)ā́ssō) is derived either:\n* from κᾰτᾰ- (kătă-, prefix meaning ‘downwards’) + ἀρᾰ́σσω (arắssō, “to dash to pieces; to strike”) (further etymology unknown, possibly onomatopoeic) or ῥᾱ́σσω (rhā́ssō, “to dash; to strike”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to pound, strike”)); or\n* from καταρρηγνύναι (katarrhēgnúnai, “to break down”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cataracts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cataracting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cataracted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cataracted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cataract (third-person singular simple present cataracts, present participle cataracting, simple past and past participle cataracted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cat‧a‧ract"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
26
]
],
"ref": "1832 July, [John Wilson], “Christopher [North] at the Lakes. Flight Second.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume XXXII, number CXCVI, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 125:",
"text": "[N]o river should cataract larger than the Clyde.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
216,
227
]
],
"ref": "1844, Eliot Warburton, “The Cataract and Philæ”, in The Crescent and the Cross; or, Romance and Realities of Eastern Travel. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1845, →OCLC, page 285:",
"text": "After a short rest, we moved on over a quiet space of water to the third and greatest fall, where the whole body of the Nile precipitates itself from between two towering cliffs, foaming and plashing, and, in short, cataracting very respectably.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a river, etc.: to fall in the form of a waterfall."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-verb-I~mbsY9B",
"links": [
[
"river",
"river"
],
[
"fall",
"fall#Verb"
],
[
"form",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of a river, etc.: to fall in the form of a waterfall."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a river, etc.: to fall in the form of a waterfall",
"word": "pudota"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a river, etc.: to fall in the form of a waterfall",
"word": "syöksyä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 6 6 13 8 13 9 10 6 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with cata-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
55
]
],
"ref": "1796 July 4 (date written), Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Biographical Supplement to the Biographia Literaria. Chapter III. [1795 to 1796].”, in Biographia Literaria; or Biographical Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions […], 2nd edition, volume II, part II, London: William Pickering, published 1847, →OCLC, page 370:",
"text": "My Poems have been reviewed. The Monthly has cataracted panegyric on me; the Critical cascaded it, and the Analytical dribbled it with civility.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause (something) to pour or rush like a waterfall."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-verb-Dg9F7x-G",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"pour",
"pour#Verb"
],
[
"rush",
"rush#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative, rare) To cause (something) to pour or rush like a waterfall."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause (something) to pour or rush like a waterfall",
"word": "syöstä"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəɹækt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cataract.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəˌɹæk(t)/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Iguazu Falls"
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "aftercataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "anticataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractogenesis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractogenic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractogenous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nuclear cataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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}
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},
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"name": "senseno"
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},
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"name": "root"
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{
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"2": "enm",
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},
"expansion": "Middle English cataract",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "cataracte",
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},
"expansion": "Old French cataracte (“clouding of the lens in the eye”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta",
"t": "portcullis"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta (“portcullis”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης",
"4": "καταρ(ρ)άκτης",
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},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “act of rushing down; portcullis”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“crook, hook; peg; to close something”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English cataract, cataracta, cateract, cateracte (“(medicine) clouding of the lens in the eye”), from Old French cataracte (“clouding of the lens in the eye”), and then either:\n* from its etymon Latin cataracta (“portcullis”) (in the sense of something blocking vision as a portcullis blocks a gateway), from Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “act of rushing down; portcullis”) (see further at etymology 1); or\n* from clāthrāta (in fenestra clāthrāta (“window grating”)), an inflected form of clāthrātus (“grated, latticed, clathrate”), from clāthrī (“grate, lattic”) + -ātus (suffix denoting possession of something, forming adjectives from nouns). Clāthrī is derived from Doric Greek κλᾳ̃θρα (klãithra), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“crook, hook; peg; to close something”).",
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"form": "cataracts",
"tags": [
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}
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 6 6 13 8 13 9 10 6 9 12",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
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121
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"ref": "1653, Francis Rabelais [i.e., François Rabelais], translated by [Thomas Urquhart, Peter Anthony Motteux], “The Author’s Prologue to the Third Book”, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], →OCLC; republished in volume I, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 315:",
"text": "Others did fortifie and rampire their Walls, […] assured the Port-culleys, fasten'd the Herses, Sarasinesks and Cataracks, placed their Centries, and doubled their Patrouilee.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of portcullis (“a gate in the form of a grating which is lowered into place at the gateway of a castle, a fort, etc.”); also, a window grating."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun--xk88NmZ",
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"portcullis",
"portcullis#English"
],
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"gate",
"gate#Noun"
],
[
"form",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"grating",
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],
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"lowered",
"lower#Verb"
],
[
"place",
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],
[
"gateway",
"gateway#Noun"
],
[
"castle",
"castle#Noun"
],
[
"fort",
"fort#Noun"
],
[
"window",
"window#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(“a gate in the form of a grating which is lowered into place at the gateway of a castle, a fort, etc.”); also, a window grating.",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "portcullis"
}
],
"tags": [
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"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ophthalmology",
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"Vision",
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"Sciences",
"Health",
"Perception",
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"Body",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "en:Pathology",
"parents": [
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"Medicine",
"Health",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Body",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 1 15 2 9 28 27 1 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "en:Eye",
"parents": [
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"Vision",
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"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
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"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
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"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"ref": "1575, George Turberuile [i.e.. George Turberville], “Of the Cataract in the Eyes of a Hawke”, in The Booke of Faulconrie or Hauking, for the Onely Delight and Plerasure of All Noblemen and Gentlemen: […], London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Christopher Barker, […], →OCLC, page 235:",
"text": "[T]her is a Caratact which doth light vpon the eyes of a Hawke, whome we may tearme a ſuffuſion, a miſchiefe not ſafely remoued, and diuers times impoſſible to be recured, as namely whẽ [when] it is growen too thicke, and ouerlong hath bin ſuffered in the eye, without ſeeking remedie for it: […]",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1999, Cynthia Mattox, Helen K. Wu, Joel S. Schuman, “Ocular Disorders of Aging”, in Joseph J. Gallo, Jan Busby-Whitehead, Peter V. Rabins, Rebecca A. Silliman, John B. Murphy, William Reichel, editors, Reichel’s Care of the Elderly: Clinical Aspects of Aging, 5th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.; Baltimore, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, section I (Care of the Elderly Patient: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Management), page 563, column 2:",
"text": "Rarely, a dense, swollen neglected cataract precipitates an angle-closure glaucoma.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
174,
182
]
],
"ref": "2022 June 22, “Rotoscope”, in Rotoscope (Rise 510-1), performed by Spiritbox, Beaverton, Or.: Rise Records:",
"text": "Shallow, this is what I created / Splayed out skeletons in the cracks in the pavement / And now, can you feel the injection back behind those cloudy eyes? / In-between every cataract, a projection of my life",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-en:ophthalmology",
"links": [
[
"ophthalmology",
"ophthalmology"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
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[
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],
[
"lens",
"lens#Noun"
],
[
"eye",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"leading",
"lead#Verb"
],
[
"decrease",
"decrease#Noun"
],
[
"vision",
"vision"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(ophthalmology, pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision."
],
"senseid": [
"en:ophthalmology"
],
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
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"sciences"
]
},
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},
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},
{
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"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Eye",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"text": "Thoſe filmes vvhich darkened the eye of the mindes, are remoued, thoſe thicke Cataracts of earthly vanities are diſperſed and diſpelled, and a nevv light into a nevv heart infuſed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.",
"Something which obscures."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-en:ophthalmology1",
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[
"ophthalmology",
"ophthalmology"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
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"eye#Noun"
],
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],
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],
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"senseid": [
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],
"tags": [
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"figuratively"
],
"topics": [
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"ophthalmology",
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"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 1 92 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something which obscures",
"word": "kaihi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Textiles",
"orig": "en:Textiles",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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"ref": "1653, Francis Rabelais [i.e., François Rabelais], translated by [Thomas Urquhart, Peter Anthony Motteux], “How the Famous Pantagruelion ought to be Prepared and Wrought”, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], →OCLC; republished in volume II, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 60:",
"text": "Some modern Pantagruelists, to shun and avoid that manual Labour, which such a separating and partitional Work would of necessity require, employ certain Catarratick Instruments, […] and athwart those Cataracts they break and bruise to very Trash the woody parcels [of the fictional herb “pantagruelion”], thereby to preserve the better the Fibres, which are the precious and excellent parts.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tool used for breaking flax; a brake."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-A9M2Szkz",
"links": [
[
"textiles",
"textiles"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"breaking",
"break#Verb"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"brake",
"brake#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(obsolete, textiles) A tool used for breaking flax; a brake."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəɹækt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cataract.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəˌɹæk(t)/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "muting"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "katarákt",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "катарáкт"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perdé",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "перде́"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracta"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarak"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "báinèizhàng",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "白內障 /白内障"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "katarakta"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šedý zákal"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "grijze staar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakto"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "eygnastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "kaihi"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "belida"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"note": "of animals",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pano"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Katarakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"informal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "grauer Star"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katarráktis",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "glaúkōma",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γλαύκωμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakta"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "hályog"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "szürke hályog"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ský á auga"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "busa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarak"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fionn"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataratta"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "ivv",
"lang": "Ivatan",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ruhaw"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"alt": "はくないしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hakunaishō",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "白内障"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɨk thlĕək",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ទឹកធ្លាក់"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"alt": "白內障",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "baengnaejang",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "백내장"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "perde",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "перде"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarak"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "timiraṁ",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "തിമിരം"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "anázhiin yiibaʼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âb-morvârid",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "آبمروارید"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blachmal"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bielmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "katarákta",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "катара́кта"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "neul-sùla"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "мре̏на"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "mrȅna"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "tāu",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "တေႃႈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "mtoto wa jicho"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "grå starr"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grà-jòk",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ต้อกระจก"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "surme"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "akbasma"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "aksu"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "katarákta",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "катара́кта"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "cườm khô"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "niwlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 47 47 1",
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "umthuqu"
}
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "katarak"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: katarak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "katarak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: katarak"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cataracte",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch cataracte, from Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cataracten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cataractje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "katarakt",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "cataract f (plural cataracten, diminutive cataractje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧ta‧ract"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Waterfalls",
"orig": "nl:Waterfalls",
"parents": [
"Water",
"Liquids",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "nl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cataract, waterfall"
],
"id": "en-cataract-nl-noun-72a8yQY~",
"links": [
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
],
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"sense": "waterfall",
"word": "waterval"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Diseases",
"orig": "nl:Diseases",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Health",
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "nl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cataract"
],
"id": "en-cataract-nl-noun-fJmqsgWj",
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) cataract"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkaː.taːˈrɑkt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-cataract.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Nl-cataract.ogg/Nl-cataract.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Nl-cataract.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑkt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "cataract disease",
"word": "grauwe staar"
}
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "English: cataract\n→ Cebuano: katarak\n→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: cataract\n→ Cebuano: katarak\n→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cataract",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare",
"2": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(rare, obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cataract (rare, obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cateractes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cateract",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cataracta",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cataracte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "catheracte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "catharacte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "catharacta",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "catterak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "catarac",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cataract",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "cateractes"
},
"expansion": "cataract (plural cateractes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cataract"
],
"id": "en-cataract-enm-noun-fJmqsgWj",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) cataract"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gate guarding the entrance to Heaven."
],
"id": "en-cataract-enm-noun-WreqhSiB",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) A gate guarding the entrance to Heaven."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatərakt(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatərak/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatəraktaː/"
}
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑkt",
"enm:Anatomy",
"nl:Landforms",
"nl:Waterfalls"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "katarak"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: katarak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "katarak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: katarak"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cataracte",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch cataracte, from Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cataracten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cataractje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "katarakt",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "cataract f (plural cataracten, diminutive cataractje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧ta‧ract"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cataract, waterfall"
],
"links": [
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
],
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Diseases"
],
"glosses": [
"cataract"
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) cataract"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkaː.taːˈrɑkt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-cataract.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Nl-cataract.ogg/Nl-cataract.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Nl-cataract.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑkt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "waterfall",
"word": "waterval"
},
{
"sense": "cataract disease",
"word": "grauwe staar"
}
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kleh₂w-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wreh₂ǵʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with cata-",
"English verbs",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Dutch entries",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ilocano translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ivatan translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marshallese translations",
"Terms with Middle Dutch translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Shan translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Zulu translations",
"en:Eye",
"en:Waterfalls",
"enm:Anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cataractal"
},
{
"word": "cataract bog"
},
{
"word": "cataracted"
},
{
"word": "cataractic"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "katarak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cebuano: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cebuano: katarak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mh",
"2": "kōtrāāk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreh₂ǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "waterfall"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cataract",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "Old French cataracte",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "French cataracte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta",
"t": "floodgate; waterfall"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης",
"4": "καταρ(ρ)άκτης",
"5": "(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "onomatopoeic"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreh₂ǵʰ-",
"t": "to pound, strike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to pound, strike”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nThe noun is derived from cataracts (noun (plural only)), from Late Middle English cataract, cataracta, cateract, cateracte (“floodgate of heaven”), from Old French cataracte (modern French cataracte), and from its etymon Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”), from Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”), from καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (katar(rh)ā́ssō, “to pour down; to rush downwards”) + -της (-tēs, suffix forming nouns denoting a state of being). Καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (Katar(rh)ā́ssō) is derived either:\n* from κᾰτᾰ- (kătă-, prefix meaning ‘downwards’) + ἀρᾰ́σσω (arắssō, “to dash to pieces; to strike”) (further etymology unknown, possibly onomatopoeic) or ῥᾱ́σσω (rhā́ssō, “to dash; to strike”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to pound, strike”)); or\n* from καταρρηγνύναι (katarrhēgnúnai, “to break down”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cataracts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cataract (plural cataracts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cat‧a‧ract"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
13
]
],
"text": "The cataracts on the Nile helped to compartment Upper Egypt.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
66,
74
]
],
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book V.] Of Asia.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 98:",
"text": "This Elephantis being an Iſland, is inhabited beneath the lovveſt cataract or fall of vvater three miles, and aboue Syene 16: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
121,
129
]
],
"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, “The Sixt Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, page 88:",
"text": "[T]he Salmon ſeekes a freſher ſtreame to find / […] and ſtems the vvatry tract / VVhere Tivy falling dovvne, doth make a Cataract, / Forc't by the riſing Rocks that there her courſe oppoſe, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
96,
104
]
],
"ref": "1725, [Daniel Defoe], “Part II”, in A New Voyage Round the World, by a Course Never Sailed before. […], London: […] A[rthur] Bettesworth, […]; and W. Mears, […], →OCLC, page 190:",
"text": "[C]oming dovvn farther the ſame River, they heard a terrible Noiſe in the River, as of a mighty Cataract, or VVater-fall, vvhich increaſed as they came forvvard, till it grevv ſo loud, that they could not hear themſelves ſpeak, much leſs hear one another.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"ref": "1798 July 13 (date written), William Wordsworth, “Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, […]”, in Poems […], volume II, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], published 1815, →OCLC, page 76:",
"text": "The sounding cataract / Haunted me like a passion: the tall rock, / The mountain, and the deep and gloomy wood, / Their colours and their forms, were then to me / An appetite: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff."
],
"links": [
[
"large",
"large#Adjective"
],
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall#Noun"
],
[
"flowing",
"flow#Verb"
],
[
"edge",
"edge#Noun"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:waterfall"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
108,
117
]
],
"ref": "1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “A Description of Larr”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 54:",
"text": "[S]uch a violent ſtorme of raine vnburthened it ſelfe neere this place, and cauſed ſuch a ſudden Deluge and Cattaract, that a Carrauan of tvvo thouſand Camels periſht, and vvere caſt avvay by it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
107,
116
]
],
"ref": "1835, Alfred Tennyson, “Locksley Hall”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 92:",
"text": "Locksley Hall, that in the distance overlooks the sandy tracts, / And the hollow ocean-ridges roaring into cataracts.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
102,
111
]
],
"ref": "1860, James Anthony Froude, “Queen Jane and Queen Mary”, in History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth, volume VI, London: John W[illiam] Parker, and Son, […], →OCLC, page 1:",
"text": "[T]here came a storm such as no living Englishman remembered. The summer evening grew black as night. Cataracts of water flooded the houses in the city and turned the streets into rivers; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flood of water; specifically, steep rapids in a river."
],
"links": [
[
"flood",
"flood#Noun"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"steep",
"steep#Adjective"
],
[
"rapids",
"rapid#Noun"
],
[
"river",
"river"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A flood of water; specifically, steep rapids in a river."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
12
]
],
"text": "His cataract of eloquence",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"ref": "1785, William Cowper, “Book IV. The Winter Evening.”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC, page 141:",
"text": "Cataracts of declamation thunder here, / There foreſts of no-meaning ſpread the page / In vvhich all comprehenſion vvanders loſt; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
104,
112
]
],
"ref": "1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Revival.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 156:",
"text": "The palace bang'd, and buzz'd and clackt, / And all the long-pent stream of life / Dash'd downward in a cataract.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Loomings”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 3:",
"text": "Water—there is not a drop of water there! Were Niagara but a cataract of sand, would you travel your thousand miles to see it?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
51
]
],
"ref": "1858, Thomas Carlyle, “Of the Baireuth-Anspach Branch”, in History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book III, page 231:",
"text": "[T]he look of the man Casimir, between his cataract of black beard and this semi-nightcap, is carelessly truculent.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
26
]
],
"ref": "1858, Thomas Carlyle, “Friedrich Takes the Field again, Intent on Having Neisse”, in History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book IV, page 459:",
"text": "Never came such a cataract of evil news on an Aulic Council before.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
28
]
],
"ref": "2022 May 19, James Verini, “Surviving the Siege of Kharkiv”, in The New York Times Magazine, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-12-20, section:",
"text": "As if on cue came a cataract of explosions. She turned on her heel and scurried back to the courtyard and down into the school's basement. The dirt floor, low ceiling and unfinished stone walls were barely illuminated by candles and a dim string of green decorative lights.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An overwhelming downpour or rush; a flood."
],
"links": [
[
"overwhelming",
"overwhelming#Adjective"
],
[
"downpour",
"downpour#Noun"
],
[
"rush",
"rush#Noun"
],
[
"flood",
"flood#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) An overwhelming downpour or rush; a flood."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Mechanics"
],
"glosses": [
"A type of governor used in single-acting steam engines, where a flow of water through an opening regulates the stroke."
],
"links": [
[
"mechanics",
"mechanics"
],
[
"type",
"type#Noun"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"single-acting",
"single-acting"
],
[
"steam engine",
"steam engine"
],
[
"flow",
"flow#Noun"
],
[
"opening",
"opening#Noun"
],
[
"regulate",
"regulate"
],
[
"stroke",
"stroke#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mechanics, chiefly historical) A type of governor used in single-acting steam engines, where a flow of water through an opening regulates the stroke."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"mechanical-engineering",
"mechanics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
201,
211
]
],
"ref": "1555, Peter Martyr of Angleria [i.e., Peter Martyr d’Anghiera], “The Seconde Vyage to Guinea”, in Rycharde Eden [i.e., Richard Eden], transl., The Decades of the Newe Worlde or West India, […], London: […] [Rycharde Jug for] Guilhelmi Powell, →OCLC, decade, folio 357, verso:",
"text": "They ſay furthermore that in certeyne places of the ſea, they ſawe certeyne ſtremes of water which they caule ſpoutes faulynge owt of the ayer into the ſea: […] Sum phantaſie that theſe ſhulde bee the cataractes of heauen whiche were all opened at Noes fludde.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
53,
62
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
63
]
],
"english": "Blow, wind, and crack your cheeks, rage, blow, / You cataracts and hurricanes, spout till you have drenched / The steeples, drowned the cocks, […]",
"ref": "c. 1603–1606 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] His True Chronicle Historie of the Life and Death of King Lear and His Three Daughters. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Nathaniel Butter, […], published 1608, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], signature [F4], recto:",
"text": "Blovv vvind & cracke your cheekes, rage, blovv / You caterickes, & Hircanios ſpout til you haue drencht, / The ſteeples drovvn'd the cockes, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
96,
104
]
],
"ref": "1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “[The Hesperides]”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 7:",
"text": "[A] long ſpout of ſtinking raine Pyramide vviſe, diſſolued it ſelfe very neere vs. This hidious Cataract, as I conceiue is exhaled by the Suns povverfull Attract, and conuerted into an ill congeſted Cloud, vvanting height and heate, is forced into a violent eruption, vvhich diſſolued by the penetrating Sunne, eſſudes it ſelfe altogether (vvhence it had beginning) into the Ocean, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
88,
97
]
],
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [D4], verso, lines 174–176:",
"text": "[W]hat if all / Her ſtores vvere op'n'd, and this Firmament / Of Hell, ſhould ſpout her Cataracts of Fire, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of waterspout (“a whirlwind that forms over water”)"
],
"links": [
[
"waterspout",
"waterspout#English"
],
[
"whirlwind",
"whirlwind#Noun"
],
[
"forms",
"form#Verb"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, also figurative) Synonym of waterspout (“a whirlwind that forms over water”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a whirlwind that forms over water",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "waterspout"
}
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəɹækt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cataract.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəˌɹæk(t)/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Katarakt"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katarráktis",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "katarrháktēs",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"word": "katarak"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"word": "cateratta"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracta"
},
{
"code": "mh",
"lang": "Marshallese",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"word": "kōtrāāk"
},
{
"code": "dum",
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataractă"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(large) waterfall, specifically one flowing over the edge of a cliff (cognates) — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potop",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "потоп"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proliven dǎžd",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "проливен дъжд"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngliú",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "洪流"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "stortvloed"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "kuohu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "ryöppy"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "tulva"
},
{
"alt": "げきりゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gekiryū",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "激流"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lívenʹ",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"word": "ли́вень m}}"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "flood",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potóp",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пото́п"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "проливно́й дождь m {{qualifier|torrential rain",
"roman": "prolivnój doždʹ",
"sense": "flood of water — see also flood"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of governor used in single-acting steam engines, where a flow of water through an opening regulates the stroke",
"word": "nestejarru"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
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"Terms with Tocharian B translations",
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"en:Eye",
"en:Waterfalls",
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],
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},
{
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"1": "en",
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},
"expansion": "Old French cataracte",
"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "French cataracte",
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"t": "floodgate; waterfall"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης",
"4": "καταρ(ρ)άκτης",
"5": "(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
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},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "prefix",
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"args": {
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"3": "*wreh₂ǵʰ-",
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
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}
],
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cataracting",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cataracted",
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cataracted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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],
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"English terms with quotations"
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"text": "[N]o river should cataract larger than the Clyde.",
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"text": "After a short rest, we moved on over a quiet space of water to the third and greatest fall, where the whole body of the Nile precipitates itself from between two towering cliffs, foaming and plashing, and, in short, cataracting very respectably.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"river",
"river"
],
[
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"fall#Verb"
],
[
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"form#Noun"
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[
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"waterfall#Noun"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"ref": "1796 July 4 (date written), Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Biographical Supplement to the Biographia Literaria. Chapter III. [1795 to 1796].”, in Biographia Literaria; or Biographical Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions […], 2nd edition, volume II, part II, London: William Pickering, published 1847, →OCLC, page 370:",
"text": "My Poems have been reviewed. The Monthly has cataracted panegyric on me; the Critical cascaded it, and the Analytical dribbled it with civility.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause (something) to pour or rush like a waterfall."
],
"links": [
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"cause#Verb"
],
[
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"pour#Verb"
],
[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəɹækt/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəˌɹæk(t)/",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a river, etc.: to fall in the form of a waterfall",
"word": "pudota"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a river, etc.: to fall in the form of a waterfall",
"word": "syöksyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause (something) to pour or rush like a waterfall",
"word": "syöstä"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Iguazu Falls"
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
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"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kleh₂w-",
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"Entries with translation boxes",
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"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ilocano translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ivatan translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
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"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
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"Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Zulu translations",
"en:Eye",
"en:Waterfalls",
"enm:Anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aftercataract"
},
{
"word": "anticataract"
},
{
"word": "cataractal"
},
{
"word": "cataractogenesis"
},
{
"word": "cataractogenic"
},
{
"word": "cataractogenous"
},
{
"word": "cataractous"
},
{
"word": "nuclear cataract"
},
{
"word": "postcataract"
}
],
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
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},
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{
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},
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Middle English cataract",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cataracte",
"t": "clouding of the lens in the eye"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
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{
"args": {
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"3": "cataracta",
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},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta (“portcullis”)",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “act of rushing down; portcullis”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“crook, hook; peg; to close something”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English cataract, cataracta, cateract, cateracte (“(medicine) clouding of the lens in the eye”), from Old French cataracte (“clouding of the lens in the eye”), and then either:\n* from its etymon Latin cataracta (“portcullis”) (in the sense of something blocking vision as a portcullis blocks a gateway), from Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “act of rushing down; portcullis”) (see further at etymology 1); or\n* from clāthrāta (in fenestra clāthrāta (“window grating”)), an inflected form of clāthrātus (“grated, latticed, clathrate”), from clāthrī (“grate, lattic”) + -ātus (suffix denoting possession of something, forming adjectives from nouns). Clāthrī is derived from Doric Greek κλᾳ̃θρα (klãithra), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“crook, hook; peg; to close something”).",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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],
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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"ref": "1653, Francis Rabelais [i.e., François Rabelais], translated by [Thomas Urquhart, Peter Anthony Motteux], “The Author’s Prologue to the Third Book”, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], →OCLC; republished in volume I, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 315:",
"text": "Others did fortifie and rampire their Walls, […] assured the Port-culleys, fasten'd the Herses, Sarasinesks and Cataracks, placed their Centries, and doubled their Patrouilee.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"Synonym of portcullis (“a gate in the form of a grating which is lowered into place at the gateway of a castle, a fort, etc.”); also, a window grating."
],
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[
"grating",
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) Synonym of portcullis (“a gate in the form of a grating which is lowered into place at the gateway of a castle, a fort, etc.”); also, a window grating."
],
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "portcullis"
}
],
"tags": [
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"rare"
]
},
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"en:Pathology"
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"ref": "1575, George Turberuile [i.e.. George Turberville], “Of the Cataract in the Eyes of a Hawke”, in The Booke of Faulconrie or Hauking, for the Onely Delight and Plerasure of All Noblemen and Gentlemen: […], London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Christopher Barker, […], →OCLC, page 235:",
"text": "[T]her is a Caratact which doth light vpon the eyes of a Hawke, whome we may tearme a ſuffuſion, a miſchiefe not ſafely remoued, and diuers times impoſſible to be recured, as namely whẽ [when] it is growen too thicke, and ouerlong hath bin ſuffered in the eye, without ſeeking remedie for it: […]",
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"ref": "1999, Cynthia Mattox, Helen K. Wu, Joel S. Schuman, “Ocular Disorders of Aging”, in Joseph J. Gallo, Jan Busby-Whitehead, Peter V. Rabins, Rebecca A. Silliman, John B. Murphy, William Reichel, editors, Reichel’s Care of the Elderly: Clinical Aspects of Aging, 5th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.; Baltimore, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, section I (Care of the Elderly Patient: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Management), page 563, column 2:",
"text": "Rarely, a dense, swollen neglected cataract precipitates an angle-closure glaucoma.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "2022 June 22, “Rotoscope”, in Rotoscope (Rise 510-1), performed by Spiritbox, Beaverton, Or.: Rise Records:",
"text": "Shallow, this is what I created / Splayed out skeletons in the cracks in the pavement / And now, can you feel the injection back behind those cloudy eyes? / In-between every cataract, a projection of my life",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision."
],
"links": [
[
"ophthalmology",
"ophthalmology"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
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"clouding#Noun"
],
[
"lens",
"lens#Noun"
],
[
"eye",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"leading",
"lead#Verb"
],
[
"decrease",
"decrease#Noun"
],
[
"vision",
"vision"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(ophthalmology, pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision."
],
"senseid": [
"en:ophthalmology"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"ophthalmology",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
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"en:Pathology"
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"bold_text_offsets": [
[
78,
87
]
],
"ref": "1631, Richard Brathwait, “Decency”, in The English Gentlewoman, Drawne out to the Full Body: […], London: […] B. Alsop and T. Fawcet, for Michaell Sparke, […], →OCLC, page 86:",
"text": "Thoſe filmes vvhich darkened the eye of the mindes, are remoued, thoſe thicke Cataracts of earthly vanities are diſperſed and diſpelled, and a nevv light into a nevv heart infuſed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.",
"Something which obscures."
],
"links": [
[
"ophthalmology",
"ophthalmology"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"clouding",
"clouding#Noun"
],
[
"lens",
"lens#Noun"
],
[
"eye",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"leading",
"lead#Verb"
],
[
"decrease",
"decrease#Noun"
],
[
"vision",
"vision"
],
[
"obscures",
"obscure#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(ophthalmology, pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.",
"(figurative) Something which obscures."
],
"senseid": [
"en:ophthalmology"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"figuratively"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"ophthalmology",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Textiles"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
201,
210
]
],
"ref": "1653, Francis Rabelais [i.e., François Rabelais], translated by [Thomas Urquhart, Peter Anthony Motteux], “How the Famous Pantagruelion ought to be Prepared and Wrought”, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], →OCLC; republished in volume II, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 60:",
"text": "Some modern Pantagruelists, to shun and avoid that manual Labour, which such a separating and partitional Work would of necessity require, employ certain Catarratick Instruments, […] and athwart those Cataracts they break and bruise to very Trash the woody parcels [of the fictional herb “pantagruelion”], thereby to preserve the better the Fibres, which are the precious and excellent parts.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tool used for breaking flax; a brake."
],
"links": [
[
"textiles",
"textiles"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"breaking",
"break#Verb"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"brake",
"brake#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(obsolete, textiles) A tool used for breaking flax; a brake."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəɹækt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cataract.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəˌɹæk(t)/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarata"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "muting"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "katarákt",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "катарáкт"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perdé",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "перде́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracta"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarak"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarata"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "báinèizhàng",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "白內障 /白内障"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "katarakta"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šedý zákal"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "grijze staar"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakto"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "eygnastar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "kaihi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "belida"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"note": "of animals",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pano"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Katarakt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"informal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "grauer Star"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katarráktis",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "glaúkōma",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γλαύκωμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakta"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "hályog"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "szürke hályog"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ský á auga"
},
{
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "busa"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarak"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fionn"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataratta"
},
{
"code": "ivv",
"lang": "Ivatan",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ruhaw"
},
{
"alt": "はくないしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hakunaishō",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "白内障"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɨk thlĕək",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ទឹកធ្លាក់"
},
{
"alt": "白內障",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "baengnaejang",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "백내장"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "perde",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "перде"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarak"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "timiraṁ",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "തിമിരം"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "anázhiin yiibaʼ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âb-morvârid",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "آبمروارید"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blachmal"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bielmo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "katarákta",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "катара́кта"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "neul-sùla"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "мре̏на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "mrȅna"
},
{
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "tāu",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "တေႃႈ"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "mtoto wa jicho"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "grå starr"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarata"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grà-jòk",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ต้อกระจก"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "surme"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "akbasma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "aksu"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "katarákta",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "катара́кта"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"word": "cườm khô"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "niwlen"
},
{
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "clouding of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "umthuqu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something which obscures",
"word": "kaihi"
}
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Anatomy"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "English: cataract\n→ Cebuano: katarak\n→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: cataract\n→ Cebuano: katarak\n→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cataract",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare",
"2": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(rare, obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cataract (rare, obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cateractes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cateract",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cataracta",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cataracte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "catheracte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "catharacte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "catharacta",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "catterak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "catarac",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cataract",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "cateractes"
},
"expansion": "cataract (plural cateractes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"enm:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"cataract"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) cataract"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"A gate guarding the entrance to Heaven."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) A gate guarding the entrance to Heaven."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatərakt(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatərak/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatəraktaː/"
}
],
"word": "cataract"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cataract meaning in All languages combined (56.9kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/611",
"msg": "suspicious translation with '}': {'lang': 'Russian', 'code': 'ru', 'sense': 'flood of water — see also flood', 'roman': 'lívenʹ', 'word': 'ли́вень m}}'}",
"path": [
"cataract"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cataract",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"cataract"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cataract",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.